Nyika Yoonse - Premier TDI: Chintu chiyandikana loko chakuyaka mumakwebo aa Polyurethane

Zibeela Zyamubili aZyakupanga

Kuboneka akununka: TDI kanjikanji ilibonya mbuli chintu chitakwe mubala chisalala naakuti chisiya mbichani, maanzi aakonzya kupya loko. Ilagwisya tununkilizyo tuyumu, tuyumu, alimwi itunyemya, oolo lubeleka mbuli chitondezyo chipati chakuti uliwo.
Kunywika akusanduka: ilakonzya kusanganyigwa azintu zyiingi zilimbuli ethanol (kubola), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chlorobenzene, kerosene, amafuta aa olive. Chimwi chazibeela zyamakemikalu nzyakuti ulakonzya kuswaangana amaanzi, kuswaangana ooko kupa kuti kube muya uutegwa carbon dioxide. Kuyungizya waawo, TDI ilakonzya kufwambaana kuswaangana azintu zijisi ma atomu aa haayidirojeni, bube bubelesyegwa mumilimo myiingi yamakkampani.
Zintu zipati zitacinci: TDI ilaa busena bwakubila buli afwaafwi a 247°C, oobo bupa kuti kube kupya ooko nkoizwa kuchiimo chamaanzi kuya kuchiimo chamuya uuzwa mumulengalenga. Busena bwayo bwakunyenguluka buli akati ka 19.5 kusika ku 21.5°C, kutondezya kupya kwawo nkobuyuma. Busena bwakupya bwa TDI mbu 127°C, chaamba kuti aawo mpokupya, ilakonzya kupanga busi bupya kakuli chintu chipa mulilo. Kakuli bupati bwa 1.217, buli bupati kwiinda maanzi, eezyo zipa kuti kube kujatwa akukwaandaanya mumakkampani amumasena aabusena.

Masena aakubelesya

Kupanga Foomu ya Polyurethane: TDI nintu chipati mukupanga mafoomu aa polyurethane, alo aabelesyegwa kapati mumakkampani miingi. Muchibaka chazibelesyo zyamuŋanda, mafoomu aateteete aa polyurethane akapangwa a TDI ngaasalalwa mukupanga makkushini mabotu alimwi aagwasya mumasofa, zyuuno zyamaanza, amamatiresi. Mumakwebo aakupanga myootokala, mafoomu aaya abelesyegwa muzyuuno zyamyootokala, kupa kuumbulizyigwa akukwabililwa kwiinda mukunyona kuzungaana muchiindi chakweenzya. Kuyungizya waawo, TDI - based polyurethane foams zibelesyegwa mukukwabilila, mbuli mumafiriji amuzibelesyo zyakukwabilila mayake, akaambo kakuti zilakonzya kukwabilila kupya.
Zivwumbyo azintu zyakunamatika: TDI ilaa mulimo mupati mukupanga zintu zyakuvwumba zibeleka obotu. Mumakwebo aakuvwumba, TDI - based polyurethanes ilabelesyegwa kupanga zintu ziyumu, zitanyonyooki, alimwi zitanyonyooki mumakemikalu kuzintu ziindene-indene, kubikkilizya abutale, mapulasitiki, alimwi azisamu. Eezyi zintu zyakuvwumba zibelesyegwa mukumanizya myootokala, kuvwumba ansi, antoomwe akuvwumba zibelesyo zyamafakitali. Mumusika wazintu zyakunamatika, TDI - zijisi zintu zyakunamatika zilayandika akaambo kakukonzya kwazyo kujatana. Zilabelesyegwa mukubunganya zintu zyamuŋanda, kujatanisya zibeela zyamyootokala, amumakkampani aakuyaka mukuswaanganya zibelesyo zyakuyasya ziindene-indene.
Kupanga Elastomer: TDI ibelesyegwa kupanga ma polyurethane elastomers, aayo aswaanganya bube bwa raba a pulasitiki. Aaya ma elastomers abelesegwa mumasena miingi, mbuli mukupanga nsapato, oomo mozipa kuchincha kubotu, kusima, akukwabilila kuzungaana. Alimwi zilabelesyegwa mukupanga zijazyo zyamafakitali ama gasket, ooko kukazyigwa kwazyo kumakemikalu, kukwasula, akupya kapati zipa kuti zibelesyegwe mumasena aakatazya.

Nzila zyakulibambila

Nzila zya Phosgenation zyakale
2,4 - Nzila ya Amino Toluene: Nchito eeyi italika akunyengulula 2,4 - amino toluene akuyisofwaazya mu chlorobenzene. Ooku kusanzya mpawo kwasanganyigwa a phosgene munzila zyobile. Chakusanguna, kupya kwaansi kulachitika mukati ka 35 - 45°C. Kuzwa waawo, kusanduka kwakupya kapati kulachitika aawo mpokupya munsi aa 130°C. Nikwakamana kuchincha, muya wa nitrogen ulabikkwa kuti ugwisye hydrogen chloride iitakwe nsandulo antoomwe a phosgene iimbi. I chlorobenzene mpawo ilasofwaazyigwa, mpawo ntaamu yamamanino njakusofwaazya mumuwo kuti kujane TDI iisalala.
Nzila ya Nitro Toluene: Munzila eyi, nitro toluene isaanguna kubikkwa nitrated mpawo yacheya kuti ijane 2,4 - diaminotoluene. Eechi chintu chili akati-akati mpawo chibikkwa mu phosgenation, ooko nkochiswaangana a phosgene kuchita TDI. Musanganisyo wakusanduka mpawo wabelesegwa kuti waandaanizyigwe akusalazya chintu cha TDI.
Nzila Zimbi Zipya
Nzila zitali zya Phosgene: Muminyaka misyoonto yainda, kwaba kubikkila maanu kapati mukupanga nzila zitali zya phosgene zyakupanga TDI mukusola kucesya ntenda zyabusena ziboola akaambo kakubelesya phosgene. Mbuli chitondeezyo, buvwuntauzi bumwi buli mukulanga-langa kubelesya nzila zimbi zyakubelesya abukkale bwakusanduka kuchita TDI kakunyina kuyandika phosgene. Nokuba boobo, nzila eezi zilimuchiimo chakusumpuka mpawo tazina kuzuminwa abantu banji mumakwebo.

Kucenjela

Ngozi zyaBuumi: Busi bwa TDI buleta ntenda mpati kubuumi bwamuntu. Nchintu chibi loko kumeso, chikumba, anzila zyakuyoya. Kukkala kwachiindi chilamfu naa kwiinduluka-induluka kulakonzya kuleta mapenzi mapati, kubikkilizya amapenzi aakuyoya mbuli bulwazi bwakuyoya, bulwazi bwakuyoya - zitondezyo zilimbuli, alimwi zimwi ziindi, bulwazi bupati mbuli bulwazi bwakuyoya alimwi abulwazi bwamoyo bwamumapunga. Mbuli chitondeezyo, mbeba zyakabikkwa mubunji buli akati ka (0.5 - 1)×10⁻6 kwamahola aali 6 abuzuba, kwamazuba aali 5 - 10, zyakatondezyegwa kuti zilakonzya kufwa akaambo kazyintu zitali kabotu. Kubantu, kuyoya muya uusika ku 0.0005mg/L kulakonzya kuleta kukola loko akubula kuyoya.

Ntenda zyakupya akupwasuka: TDI nchintu chikonzya kupya, mpawo busi bwacho bulakonzya kupanga misanganisyo iikonzya kupya amuwo. Kuti wabikkwa mumulilo uuvwilima, mulilo, naa kupya kupati, kuli ntenda mpati yakupya akupwasuka. Aboobo, nzila zyakubamba kabotu akubamba zilayandika kapati kutegwa kutabi ntenda ziliboobu.
Kubamba akujata: TDI yeelede kuyobolwa mubusena butontola, bujisi muuya mubotu, butakwe mumuni wazuba, kupya, alimwi akupya. Ziyobwedo zyakuyobweda zyeelede kujalwa kabotu kuchitila kutabilila busi butazwi. Akaambo kakuti ilakonzya kuswaangana amaanzi azintu zimwi, yeelede kuyobolwa kule azintu zikonzya kuswaangana anjiyo, mbuli zintu zipa kuti kube muya. Muchiindi chakubelesya, zibelesyo zyakulikwabilila zyeelede, kubikkilizya magilovu aatakonzyi kunjililwa misamu, magilazi aakukwabilila, antoomwe akukwabilila kuyoya, zyeelede kusama kuchitila kuti kutabi ntenda zyakujatikizigwa.

Zitondezyo

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