Glyphosate: Musamu Uubelesyegwa Kapati Alubo Uyandika Mubulimi
Zibeela Zipati Zyakubelesya
Mubulimi, glyphosate musamu mupati wakujaya nsaku. Ibeleka kwiinda mukulesya 5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme muzisyango. Eeyi enzyme ilayandika kapati mukupanga ma amino acid aanunkilila, alo aayandika kapati mukukomena akukomena kwachisyango. Kwiinda mukulesya enzyme eeyi, glyphosate ilanyonganya nzila zyakubeleka zya nsaku, mpawo zipa kuti zifwe mpawo zifwe. Bube bwayo bupa kuti bukonzye kunywigwa amafwaafwi akutolwa mumusamu woonse, akujaya zyoonse zyobile zibeela zyaatala anyika azyaansi zyamusokwe, kubikkilizya amiyanda. Eezi zipa kuti chibeleke kabotu mukulesya nsaku zitamani eezyo zikatazya kuzimaanya.
Glyphosate ilakonzya kubeleka azisyango zyiingi. Muzilyo zyakasandulwa (GM) zyakabambilwa kuti kazikonzya kuliyumya ku glyphosate, mbuli soybeans, maila, a cotton, zilakonzya kusansailwa atala aazilyo zikomena kuti zigwisye nsaku kakunyina kunyonyoona nsaku. Eezi zyakasandula nzila zyakulima, akupa kuti kube kulwana nsaku munzila iili kabotu alimwi mpati, akucesya kuyandika kwakulima akubelesya minchina akucesya kubola kwabulongo. Kuyungizya waawo, muzilyo zitali zya GM, glyphosate ilakonzya kubelesegwa kulwana nsaku kakutanabyala naakuti nikwakamana kutebula, kubamba bulongo kuti busyangwe naakuti kusinizya kuti masena aatebulwa taakwe nsaku.
Kunze lyabulimi, glyphosate alimwi ilabelesyegwa mumasena aatalimi. Chibelesyegwa kulwana nsaku mumasena aakupanga zintu, kumbali aamigwagwa, mumigwagwa yachitima, akuzinguluka zibelesyo. Kwiinda mukubamba masena aaya kuti atabi azisyango zitayandiki, chigwasya kubamba zibelesyo, kuchesya ntenda zyamulilo, akusumpula lukwabililo.
Nikuba kuti kuli bubotu bunji, glyphosate yakaba kaambo kakukazyania. Kulibilika kwakaambwa aatala akujatikizyigwa kwawo kubusena abuumi bwabantu. Buvwuntauzi bumwi bwakatondeezya kuti kuli kujatana kuli zimwi zilwazi, nikuba kuti kuzuminana kwabasayaansi aatala atwaambo ootu takuli kwaandaana pe. Mukujana mpindu, beendelezi beendelezya nyika yoonse bali mukulanga-langa mboibelesyegwa, akubikka milawu miyumu aatala akubelesya kwayo, nzila zyakukwabilila, anzila zyakulemba.
Mukubamba, glyphosate yeelede kuyobolwa mubusena butontola, butakwe maanzi, kule amumuni wazuba azintu zitali kabotu. Notubelesya musamu wa glyphosate, zibelesyo zyakulikwabilila zyeelede, zilimbuli magilovu, magilazi, azisani zyakulikwabilila, zyeelede kusama kuchitila kutabilila. Kuyungizya waawo, kusowa kabotu zintu zyoonse zitabelesyegwi naakuti zintu zibikkwa mumabbokesi nchintu chipati kuchitila kutabilila kusofwaazya busena.
Zitondezyo
| Zina lyachintu | Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Fomula yaKkemikalu | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Kulema kwamolekyula | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Mbuchiboneka | busi butuba | |||||||||
| Busena bwakunyenguluka | 230°C | |||||||||
| Bulemu | 1.747 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Kulembela | Kulwana nsaku zyabulimi, kweendelezya nsaku zyamunyika zitalimwa | |||||||||
Pepa lyakweendelezya bubotu
| Zina lyachintu | Glyphosate | ||||||
| CHINTU | MULEMO UULYEELEDE (%) | BULEMU BWAKUSUNKA(%) | |||||
| Glyphosate mass fraction % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Formaldehyde mass fraction g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| Sodium hydroxide chintu chitanyonyooki g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Nitrosoglyphosate mass fraction mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Mubufwaafwi
Muchi chifwiifwi, glyphosate, nikuba kuti kuli kukazyania aatala akubelesya kwayo, nchintu chiyandikana loko mubulimi bwamazubaano akulanganya nsaku zitali zyakulima. Kubeleka kabotu kwawo, kubelesegwa munzila zyiingi, antoomwe akugwasya mubulimi kwapa kuti ube aampindu mpati mukupanga chakulya munyika yoonse. Mbuli buvwuntauzi mbobuyaabuzumanana alimwi amilawu mboiyaabusanduka, ijunza lya glyphosate lilalangilwa kuba akweezyanisya aakati kabubotu bwalyo akusoleka kulanga-langa mapenzi aajatikizyidwe.