Hydrogen peroxide
Kulanga-langa zintu
Izina lyamakemikalu: Hydrogen Peroxide
Namba ya CAS: 7722-84-1
Fomula ya Molekyula: H₂O₂
Kulema kwamolekyula: 34.01 g/mol�
Kuboneka: Maanzi aatakwe mubala, aasalala, aatakwe kununkilila (aasyoonto) kusikila kumaanzi aajisi busani buniini (aajisi bunji)
Kuvwula: 3% (muŋanda/mubusilisi), 30% (mumakwebo), 50-70% (mumakwebo aasalala kapati)
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) nchintu changuzu pesi chikonzya kubelesegwa munzila zyiingi chizyibidwe kuti chikonzya kubola kuba maanzi (H₂O) a oxygen (O₂) — kakunyina kusiya zintu zikola. Bube oobu butanyonganyi busena, antoomwe anguzu zyakwe zyakukwabilila, zipa kuti ube chintu chidumide mumaanda, mubusilisi, mumafakitali, amumasena aabulimi. Chiliwo muzibeela zipangidwe kabotu kuti zizuzikizye ziyandikana, kuzwa kukulanganya zilonda zitali kabotu kusikila kukuchita zintu zipati mumafakitali.
Zintu zipati abubotu
| Lubono | Kusalazya | Bubotu bupati |
| Kukonzya kuchita oxidizing | 1.77 V (nguzu zyamagesi zili kabotu) | Ulatyolaula kabotu zintu zisofweede zyabuumi/zitali zyabuumi; ulajaya tuzunda (mabacteria, mavairasi, ma fungi) |
| Kunywika | Kusanganizigwa amaanzi muzibeela zyoonse | Nchuubauba kusanzya kusika aawo mpoyanda; zileendelana azyakupanga zyamaanzi |
| Kubola | Chikkalilila aawo mpokupya (naakubambwa kabotu); ilabola akupya/mumuni/zintu zipa kuti kube (nkokuti, MnO₂) | Igwisya muya mubotu (nkokuti, kusalazya maanzi aasofweede) kakunyina zintu zikola |
| pH (30% Musamu) | ~4.0 (asidi mbichani) | Kuchesya kubola kwazintu zyeendelana; chisumpula kukkalikana muchiindi chakubamba |
| Kusalala (Chiimo Chamakkampani) | ≥99.5% (kutali maanzi; zyintu zilema zili munsi: ≤5 ppm Pb) | Kusinizya kuti kubeleka kabotu; ulatantamuka tombe linyonganya nzila |
Zintu zipati abubotu
Lubono
Kusalazya
Bubotu Bwakusaanguna
Kukonzya kuchita oxidizing
1.77 V (nguzu zyamagesi zili kabotu)
Ulatyolaula kabotu zintu zisofweede zyabuumi/zitali zyabuumi; ilajaya tuzunda (mabacteria, mavairasi, ma fungi)
Kunyonyooka
Kusanganyigwa amaanzi muzibeela zyoonse
Nchuubauba kusanzya kusika aawo mpoyanda; zileendelana azyakupanga zyamaanzi.
Kulijata kwakubola
Chikkalilila aawo mpokupya (naakubambwa kabotu); ilabola akupya/mumuni/zintu zipa kuti kube (nkokuti, MnO₂)
Igwisya muya mubotu (nkokuti, kusalazya maanzi aasofweede) kakunyina zintu zitali kabotu.
pH (30% Musamu)
~4.0 (asidi mbichaani)
Kuchesya kubola kwazintu zyeendelana; chisumpula kukkalikana muchiindi chakuyobola
Kusalala (Chiimo Chamakkampani)
≥99.5% (kutali maanzi; zyintu zilemu zili munsi: ≤5 ppm Pb)
Kusinizya kuti kubeleka kabotu; ulatantamuka tombe linyonganya nzila
Kubelesya kwachiindi choonse
Kukonzya kuchincha kwa H₂O₂ kupa kuti kiibe chintu chiyandikana mumakkampani aasiyene, mpawo kubikkila maanu kweendelezegwa kwakubelesya:
3.1 Busilisi aBuumi (3-6% Kuyungizya)
Kujaya Zilonda: Musamu wa 3% ulabelesyegwa kapati kusalazya zilonda ziniini, zilonda, akupya — kugwisya muya mubotu kuzilonda kumwi kakuli chikwabilizyo kuzwa kukuchiswa.
Busalali bwamulomo: Kubikkwa mumaanzi aakusanzya mulomo kuchitila kuchesya malwazi aamulomo, kujaya mabakiteriya aaleta muya mubi, akutuba meno (munzila zyeendelezyegwa).
Kugwisya tuzunda muzibelesyo zyabusilisi: Misanga iijisi busani busyoonto ilajaya tuzunda muzibelesyo zitanjili mumubili (nkokuti, zibelesyo zyakupima kupya, zibelesyo zyameno) kakunyina kunyonyoona zintu.
3.2 Zintu zyamuŋanda azyakubelesya (3-10% zyakuyungizya)
Kusanzya Zisani: Nzila imwi iiteteete yakusanzya zisani zya chlorine; chituba machila (chikotoni, lineni) mpawo chigwisya tombe (kofi, tii, bulowa) kakunyina kuzima mibala.
Kusalazya Atala: Kusanzya tuzunda twamukkichini, zibelesyo zyamuchimbuzi, aansi — zilagwasya kulwana nkumba, nkumba, alimwi atuzunda tujanika muzyakulya (nkokuti, E. coli, Salmonella).
Kulanganya masusu: Kubelesyegwa mukusanzya masusu (6-10%) kuchitila kuti masusu asalala kwiinda mukupa kuti melanin ibe aamumuni.
3.3 Kubamba zintu mumafakitali (30-70% Kuyungizya)
Kusalazya Mapepa Aamapunga: Kubelesyegwa kupati mumafakitali — 30-50% H2O2 isalazya mapepa aamusamu kuti kube mapepa mabotu (nkokuti, tissue, mapepa aakudinda) kakunyina zintu zikola zya chlorine.
Kupanga Zisani: Kusalazya zintu zyacilengwaleza (chikotoni, boya bwambelele) antoomwe azintu zyakupanga (polyester); chisumpula kutuba kwachisani akukkalilila kwamubala katanadaya.
Kusalazya maanzi aasofweede: Kutyolaula zintu zisofweede (ma phenols, madayi, cyanides) mpawo kuchesya COD/BOD; ulagwisya muya mubotu kuti ayungizye kubeleka kwamabacteria.
Zibelesyo zyamagesi: Zisalala kapati (70%) H₂O₂ zilasalazya ma semiconductor wafers — zigwisya ma oxides aali atala azintu zisofweede kuchitila kuti chip ichite obotu.
3.4 Bulimi (10-30% Kuyungizya)
Kugwisya tuzunda mubulongo: Mafuta aasalala alajaya tuzunda tujanika mubulongo, ma nematode, alimwi ambuto zyasokwe; Kuzwa kwamuya uutegwa oxygen kupa kuti bulongo bube aamuwo kutegwa miyanda ikomene.
Kukwabilila Zisyango: Kusansaila kwabunji busyoonto kupa kuti zisyango zitanjili amalwazi aa fungal (nkokuti, powdery mildew) mpawo zibeleka mbuli chintu chikomena.
Lukwabililo akutobela milawu
4.1 Malailile aakubelesya
Zibelesyo Zyakulikwabilila (PPE): Kuti kakuli ≥30%, zwata magilovu aatakonzyi kunjililwa misamu (nitrile), magilazi aakukwabilila, antoomwe achibaki chakubelesya mu laboratory — kojata chikumba/meso (kulakonzya kupya).
Kubamba: Kobamba mubusena butontola, busiya, bujisi muuya mubotu; kobelesya HDPE iitakwe mumuni naakuti zibelesyo zyagilazi (mumuni ulafwambaanya kubola). Aandaanya kuzwa kumafuta, ma asidi, azintu zyabutale (nkokuti, butale, mukuba) kuchitila kutabilila ntenda.
Lugwasyo lwakusaanguna: Kuti waguma, samba chikumba/meso amaanzi aatontola kwamaminiti aatandila ku 15+; kunywa kuyandika lugwasyo lwabasilisi.
4.2 Kutobelezya milawu
FDA (US): Yazumizigwa kuti ibelesegwe azyakulya (nkokuti, kujaya tuzunda muzibelesyo zyakupanga chakulya) akubelesya mubusilisi (OTC) (3% misamu yakusilisya zilonda).
REACH (EU): Ililembedwe a REACH; kutobelezya milawu iijatikizya busofwaazi bwazibulo zilema zyakubelesya mumafakitali abasikuula.
OSHA (US): Muzeezo wakubeleka (OEL) wakabikkwa a 1 ppm (8-hour TWA) kukwabilila babelesi babelesya zyintu zyiingi.
Zyeelelo zya ISO: H₂O₂ yesu yamumafakitali ilazuzikizya ISO 8413 (zyeelelo zya hydrogen peroxide) antoomwe a ISO 9001 (kweendelezya bubotu).
Pepa lyamakani aabusongo (TDS) Twaambo Tupati
| Paramita | 3% Giledi Yabusilisi | 30% Chiimo chaMakkampani | Nzila Yakusunka |
| Kulingula (H₂O₂ Mukati) | 2.5 - 3.5% | 29.0 - 31.0% | Potassium permanganate titration |
| Bunji bwazibulo zilema (Pb) | ≤1 ppm | ≤5 ppm | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) |
| Asidi yaalubazu (mbuli H₂SO₄) | ≤0.02% | ≤0.04% | Sodium hydroxide titration |
| Bupati (20°C) | 1.01 g/cm3 | 1.11 g/cm3 | Hydrometer/densitometer |
| Kukkalilila (6 myezi) | ≥95% kubamba | ≥90% kubamba | Kubamba a 25°C (muchiimo chamudima) |
Nkaambo nzi Ncotweelede Kusala Hydrogen Peroxide Yesu?
Kubikkila maanu: Tulapa 3% (zyabusilisi/zyamuŋanda), 30% (zyamakwebo), antoomwe a 50-70% (zyakusalala kapati) zyeelelo zyeendelane aziyandikana zyako.
Kubamba zintu zisalala loko: Kubula zintu zilemu azintu zisofweede zipa kuti kube kweendelana azintu zikatazya (nkokuti, zibelesyo zyamagesi, misamu).
Kupa zintu zitazungaani: Maanda eesu aakupanga zintu (aakonzya kupanga matani aali 100,000 amwaka) alasyomezya kuti tulatola zintu muchiindi cheelede kuzintu zyiingi azisyoonto.
Tachinyonganyi busena: chibola kuba maanzi amuwo — chigwasyilizya mbaakani zyakukwabilila (nkokuti, kuchincha makemikalu aajisi chlorine).
Lugwasyo lwabusongo: Kabunga kesu kabasyaazibwene mumakani aamisamu kalapa busolozi bwakusanzya, kubamba, akubelesya kabotu.
Kotujata
Kuti ujane muulo, zikozyanyo, naakuti lugwalo loonse lwa TDS/COA, jata kabunga kesu kakusambala:
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