Nyika yoonse - Adipic Acid: Nchintu chiyandikana loko chakuyaka ma polymers amakemikalu aabeleka obotu
Zibeela Zyamubili aZyakupanga
Kuboneka akuboneka: Asidi ya Adipic kanjikanji ilajanika mbuli busi butuba, buli mbuli bbwe lyamubala naa bbwe lisyoonto, litakwe mubala. Chili aabube buteteete alimwi tachinunkili pe muchiimo chili kabotu, eecho chipa kuti chikonzye kubelesegwa mumilimo yiindene-indene aawo mpokuyandika kuba aamoyo uutali kabotu.
Kunywika: Kutondeezya kunywika kwaakati-akati mumaanzi, a 1.44 g kunywika mumaanzi aali 100 mL a 25°C. Nokuba boobo, ilakonzya kunywika kapati muzintu zipona zilimbuli ethanol, acetone, antoomwe a benzene. Ooku kulijata kwakunyonyooka kupa kuti chikonzye kutola lubazu mumilimo myiingi yamakemikalu.
Zintu zipati zitacinci: Adipic Acid ilijisi molar mass ya 146.14 g/mol. Bupati bwawo buli afwaafwi a 1.36 g/cm3 a 25°C, oobo buli bupati asyoonto kwiinda maanzi. Busena bwakunyenguluka bwa adipic acid buli 152°C, kutondezya kucinca kwayo kuzwa kuchiimo chiyumu kuya kuchiimo chamaanzi muchiindi chakupya loko. Busena bwakubila bulasika a 337.5°C, nikuba kuti bulakonzya kutalika kubola katanasika aawo mpokupya mujulu. Busena bwayo bwakupya buli 207°C, kutondeezya kuti buyanda kupya kapati antoomwe anzila zyakupya kutegwa bube muntenda yakupya.
Kusanduka kwamakemikalu: Mbuli dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid ilijisi zibeela zyobile zya carboxyl functional groups (-COOH), eezyo zipa kuti ibe aanguzu zyakusanduka zyamakemikalu. Chilafwambaana kutola lubazu mukusanduka kwa esterization ama alcohol, akupanga ma esters abelesyegwa kapati mukupanga mapulasitiki, mafuta, alimwi atununkilizyo. Kuyungizya waawo, ilakonzya kuswaangana ama diamines kwiinda mukupanga ma polyamides, ikapati nylon 6,6. Ooku kusanduka kwa polymerization nchintu chipati loko mumakkampani aapanga zintu zyakupanga antoomwe amapulasitiki. Adipic acid ilakonzya kwiinda mukucheya kwakupanga ma alcohol aakozyenye mpawo ilakonzya kuswaangana ama bases kupanga munyo, uutegwa adipates.
Masena aakubelesya
Polyamide (Nylon) Kupanga: Kubelesya kupati alimwi kupati kwa adipic acid kuli mukupanga ma polyamides, ikapati nylon 6,6. Munzila eyi, asidi ya adipic ilasangana a hexamethylenediamine mukusanduka kwa condensation polymerization. Nayloni 6,6 yakazwa mumo nipulasitiki iibeleka obotu loko iizyibidwe akaambo kakuyuma kwayo, kusima, kukazyigwa kukunyonyooka, antoomwe akubeleka kabotu. Nylon 6,6 ilabelesyegwa kapati mumakwebo aamootokala muzibeela zilimbuli zibeela zya injini, magiya, amabbeya. Alimwi nchintu chipati mumakwebo aazisani, ooko nkochibelesyegwa kupanga zisani zibotu zyakusama, makhapeti, azintu zyakusama akaambo kakuyuma kwacho, kutazungaana, akukonzya kubamba madayi kabotu.
Zibelesyo zyapulasitiki amafuta: Adipic acid ibelesyegwa kupanga adipate - based plasticizers. Eezyi zintu zipa pulasitiki zilabikkwa kuma polymer, ikapati polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kuchitila kuti zikonzye kuchincha, kubelesegwa kabotu, akuyuma. Ma plasticizer aa Adipate alayandika kapati mumasena aayandika kuchincha-chincha muchiindi chifwiifwi, mbuli mukupanga ntambo zyakukwabilila myootokala, ma tubi aabusilisi, azintu zya PVC zitakonzyi kutontola. Kuyungizya waawo, ma ester azwa ku adipic acid abelesyegwa mbuli mafuta mumilimo yiindene-indene mumafakitali, kupa nguzu zibotu zyakukazya kubola akukwabililwa, alimwi alakonzya kubelesyegwa muma injini, mumagiya, amuzibelesyo zimwi.
Makwebo aazyakulya azyakunywa (Kubelesya kutali kabotu): Nikuba kuti asidi ya adipic tiibelesyegwi pe muzyakulya, ilabelesyegwa mukupanga chakulya - zintu zyakujatikizya azibelesyo zyakubamba chakulya. Ma ester aayo, aawo nabelesyegwa mukuvwumba akujala zyakulya - zintu zyakupaka, alagwasya kusinizya kusyomeka akukwabililwa kwazyakulya kwiinda mukulesya kusofwaazyigwa akubamba zintu kuti kazili zipya. Mukuyungizya, adipic acid - based polymers ilakonzya kubelesegwa mukupanga zibelesyo zijatikizyidwe azyakulya muchiindi chakubamba, mbuli ma conveyor belts a seals.
Makkampani aamisamu azyakulisamika: Mumakwebo aamisamu, adipic acid ilakonzya kubelesegwa mbuli chintu chigwasya mukupanga misamu. ilakonzya kubeleka mbuli chintu chikwabilila kweendelezya pH yamisamu iikola, ikusinizya kuti misamu ilakkalilila akubeleka kabotu. Mumakwebo aakulisamika, ma adipic acid esters abelesyegwa muzintu zyiingi, zilimbuli makkilimu, ma lotion, ama lipstick, kuchitila kuti chikumba chibe kabotu, chikwabilile kumwaika, akupa bube bwakuteteeta, kupa kuti chikumba chilimvwe kuteteeta akuteteeta.
Nzila zyakulibambila
Kuyungizya muya wa Cyclohexane: Eeyi njenzila iibelesyegwa kapati mumafakitali yakupanga adipic acid. Nzila eeyi italika akusanduka kwa cyclohexane kakuli chintu chipa kuti kube muya, kanjikanji chintu chibelesya cobalt. Muchiimo chakusanguna chakusanduka, cyclohexane ilaswaangana amuwo naakuti oxygen kuti ipange musamu wa cyclohexanol a cyclohexanone, nzila iizyibidwe kuti "KA oil" (ketone - alcohol oil) nzila. Kusanduka ooku kuchitwa aawo mpokupya a 150 - 160°C antoomwe akusinikizyigwa kwa 1 - 1.5 MPa. Kuzwa waawo, mafuta aa KA alayungizigwa mumubili munzila yabili kubelesya asidi ya nitric mbuli chintu chipa kuti kube muuya, kanjikanji aawo mpokupya a 60 - 80°C akutontola kwamuwo. Ooku kusandula kwachiimo chabili kusandula cyclohexanol a cyclohexanone kuba adipic acid. Nokuba boobo, eeyi nzila ilijisi buyumuyumu bumwi bwabusena, nkaambo kubelesya nitric acid kupa kuti kube nitrous oxide (N2O), muya uukola, mpawo kuyandika kweendelezya kabotu tombe.
Nzila zya Biotechnology: Muminyaka misyoonto yainda, kwaba kuyandisya kuyaambele kwanzila zya biotechnology zyakupanga adipic acid kuti ibe nzila imwi iikonzya kuzumanana. Tunyama tusyoonto-syoonto, mbuli mabakiteliya naa yisiti, tulakonzya kubelesyegwa kusandula zyakulya zikonzya kupya, mbuli nswiga naa mafwuta aazwa kuzisyango, kuba adipic acid kwiinda munzila ziindene-indene zyakusandula zyakulya. Mbuli chitondeezyo, ma bacteria amwi alakonzya kuchitwa kuti apange zintu zili akati-akati zikonzya kusandulwa kuba adipic acid. Nikuba kuti nzila zyakupanga zintu zipona zilimuchiimo chakusumpuka mpawo zili mumapenzi aajatikizya kupanga akubelesya mali manji, zilakonzya kupa kuti kube kupanga adipic acid munzila iitanyonganyi busena akuzumanana.
Kucenjela
Ngozi zyaBuumi: Adipic acid ilakonzya kuchisa chikumba ameso kuti wajata. Kukkala muchikumba kwachiindi chilamfu naa kwiinduluka-induluka kulakonzya kuleta bulwazi bwakuzimba chikumba, mpo kuti kwasika ameso, kulakonzya kuleta kusalala, kuchisa, akunyonganya chikumba. Kuyoya bulongo bwa adipic acid kulakonzya kunyonganya nzila yakuyoya, akuleta kukola, kuyoya, akubula kuyoya. Kulya adipic acid nyiingi kulakonzya kuleta kutamvwana mumatunta, kubikkilizya akufwubaala, kufwusa, akuzwa bulo. Babelesi babelesya adipic acid beelede kusama zibelesyo zyakulikwabilila, zilimbuli magilovu, magilazi aakukwabilila, ama mask aakuyoya, kampatila mumasena mobakonzya kuzwa bulongo.
Ntenda zyamulilo akupwasuka: Nikuba kuti adipic acid ilijisi busena bupati bwakupya, ilakonzya kupya. Muchiimo chabusi, ilakonzya kupanga misanganisyo iikonzya kupwasuka amuwo kuti yamwaigwa mubunji buzulide. Busena bwakuyobweda zintu bweelede kubikkwa kule aawo mpozizwa mulilo, mpawo kunjila kabotu kwamuwo kulayandika kutegwa bulongo butavwulili. Muchiimo chamulilo uujatikizya adipic acid, misamu yeelede yakuzimya mulilo, mbuli fulaulu uuyumu naa carbon dioxide, yeelede kubelesegwa.
Kujatikizya Busena: Adipic acid ilakonzya kuzumanana mubusena. Kuti yaangununwa mumaanzi, ilakonzya kunyonyoonwa atuzunda tusyoonto-syoonto mukuya kwachiindi, asi kuti yavwula kapati ilakonzya kuchincha buumi bwamumaanzi. Alimwi chilakonzya kuchincha pH yamaanzi akaambo kakuti ajisi asidi. Aboobo, kweendelezya tombe kabotu anzila zyakukwabilila tombe zilayandika kapati kutegwa kutabi kuzwa kwa adipic acid mubusena. Mafakitali aapanga naa kubelesya adipic acid ayelede kutobela milawu miyumu yakukwabilila busena kuchitila kuti kutabi ntenda kubulongo, maanzi, amuwo.
Zitondezyo
| Zina lyachintu | Adipic Acid | |||||||||
| Fomula yaKkemikalu | C6H10O4 | |||||||||
| Kulema kwamolekyula | 146.14 g/mol | |||||||||
| Mbuchiboneka | Musinza uutuba uusalala pyu | |||||||||
| Busena bwakunyenguluka | 152 - 153°C | |||||||||
| Busena Bwabilila | 337.5°C | |||||||||
| Bulemu | 1.360 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 124 - 04 - 9 | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29171200 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 204 - 673 - 3 | |||||||||
| Kulembela | Ibelesyegwa kupanga nylon 66, kupanga polyurethane, antoomwe akupanga zintu zipa kuti kube mapulasitiki | |||||||||
Pepa lyakweendelezya bubotu
| Zina lyachintu | Adipic Acid | ||||||
| CHINTU | Kusalazya | Mpindu | |||||
| Mbuchiboneka | Musinza uutuba uusalala pyu | Musinza uutuba uusalala pyu | |||||
| Zyamukati% (m/m）≥ | 99.70 | 99.82 | |||||
| Busena bwakunyenguluka°C ≥ | 151.5 | 152.6 | |||||
| Ammonia water chroma, platinum cobalt color namba ≤ | 5 | 2 | |||||
| Buteteete % (m / m) ≤ | 0.20 | 0.18 | |||||
| Mulota mg / kg ≤ | 7 | 2 | |||||
| Fe mg / kg ≤ | 1.0 | 0.2 | |||||
| Bunji bwa Nitrate mg / kg ≤ | 10.0 | 0.7 | |||||